Church and state

Introduction During the Roman Empire, Church and State worked together. However, several events occurred that separated them, these included the splitting of church, which later led to various reforms in States. Today most States such as United States and United Kingdom, assume secularist governments that make and apply their laws without necessarily consulting religious sectors.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Church and state specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This has fuelled a number of issues ranging from disruption of prayers in public schools, to institutional conflicts. This paper will explore and identify one of the main issues facing the State and Church; it will also endeavor to recommend solutions to the same. Contemporary Church/State Issues The church and State have had several issues for centuries, most of which still remain unresolved. These issues have instead increased, leaving the question as to whether they will ever be resolved unanswered. Among the issues that face Church and State are separation of Church from State, secularism of the state, Disputes on symbols and mottos as well as conflicts between institutions of State and religious institutions, among others. One of the main issues surrounding Church/State conflict is the role of Church in a State. In most Countries, such as United States and Britain, secularism and cults have infiltrated their policies and law courts. This has continued to draw the Church away from State. Churches no longer correct States; moreover the States have enacted laws that give people freedom of religion. United States is no longer a Christian nation by law. Moreover, the church has been isolated by State, even though it is willing to provide guidance and advice whenever called upon. The Church feels cheated by State since basic structures of States have been infiltrated by what the church believe, are ungodly (cult and secularism). This s eparation, although not uttered publicly, can be seen in the way State conducts its duties as well as the constitution (interpretation of the first amendment). There is no clear boundary given to the Church, however with growing secularism and cults whose symbols take stage in most States, the State’s position becomes clearer, that State has chosen to work without the Church. In fact, nowadays Church guides States only on invitation. Conclusion Church usually tries to guide the State on issues likely to affect people’s focus on God. Nonetheless, this rarely happens in recent times. Both the State and Church feel obliged to lead the people, and this fuels further conflicts as they try to control the population.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The State is increasingly moving away from Church with more infiltrations observed in its structures and institutions, mai nly in the name of freedom and democracy. Cult has taken shape in most States, and this has greatly affected the Church’s influence on State policies. As it looks, The State is increasingly drifting away from Church. Recommendation Going by the happenings in the contemporary Church and State, it is increasingly becoming clear that State feels adequately prepared to work without the Church and so they move in opposite directions. However, Church knows that the State cannot stand alone; it needs guidance and counseling. Church should therefore keep seeking to help the State in every way possible, maybe in the future, the State will embrace it, but even if these issues are not resolved, Church should focus on its duties, or at least what it’s allowed to do, for the good of people. This essay on Church and state was written and submitted by user Brantley Z. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

[WATCH] How to encourage your employees to speak up in meetings

[WATCH] How to encourage your employees to speak up in meetings Attention HR – Introverted or technically focused team members can often struggle when it comes time to publicly contribute to the work conversation.   But we all know we’re better when all our voices are heard. Developing the confidence to actively and intelligently participate in meetings takes some serious courage (and planning). This week’s Bossy Skirt outlines a clear and simple three-part approach that you may find helpful when working with your quieter colleagues.   After all, everyone deserves a chance at the mic.Source:[DailyFuel]

Are Bonus Schemes an Effective Way of Motivating Employees Essay

Are Bonus Schemes an Effective Way of Motivating Employees - Essay Example The definite development of interest in employee motivation can be traced back by about a hundred years to the beginning of the twentieth century, when in essence behavioural scientists studied the behaviour and the response to stimuli, with particular emphasis on material benefits derived from work, for the initial studies had led to the belief that workers increased their effort, based on the monetary benefits received. This led to material benefits and its impact on employee motivation becoming the focus of studies and the basis of motivational action within business environments during approximately fifty years of the history of employee motivation (Latham, 2006). 2. Literature Review Several content and process theories on work motivation have emerged from the efforts put in by work motivational theorists, leading to the requirement of further classification in any study of work motivational studies. This classification is based on human behaviour and that which underlies human motivation in the form of needs, reinforcement, cognition, job characteristics and feelings or emotions (Ramlall, 2004). In 1954, the behavioural scientist Maslow published his theory in motivation called Maslow’s need hierarchy theory or the hierarchy of needs theory. In this theory Maslow postulates that the main driver in human behaviour is the satisfaction of an individual’s needs and he categorised these needs consisting of physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs and self-actualization needs and put them into five levels (Halepota, 2005). Incentive schemes in business organizations are set up with the purpose of enhancing performance through meeting the needs of the employees. The success of incentive schemes would be high or low depending on the personal context of the employee. In the case of employees at the lower levels of Maslow’s need hierarchy cash rewards by itself act as a means to meeting these basic needs, Those at the highe r levels of Maslow’s need hierarchy may require in addition to cash rewards other rewards, which we could term as ‘satisfaction income’ in terms appreciation, interesting work, freedom at the work and empowerment for satisfaction at the work place. Such rewards have to be fair and irrespective of the various other aspects of motivation at the workplace cash rewards still remain a key incentive for employee performance (Rai, 2004). Kauhanen and Piekkola, 2006, evaluating the motivational effects of performance-related pay schemes and bonus schemes on upper white collar employees in Finland found several important features. Among these features was the finding that for performance-related pay schemes and bonus schemes, the levels of these schemes should be high and frequent enough for positive motivational effects. Lower levels of performance-related pay schemes and bonus schemes do not bring about the desired increase in motivational levels for higher performance behaviour (Kauhanen & Piekkola, 2006) Human relations practices are important to organizational performance

Biology summary of one cephalopod, one bivalve and one chiton of your Essay

Biology summary of one cephalopod, one bivalve and one chiton of your choosing - Essay Example ales use the hectocotylus (a special arm) to dispense packets of sperm (spermatophores) from the reproductive tract’s terminal organ/ cephalopod penis, into the mantle cavity of the females. In benthic octopuses, it is the third arm on the right that serves as the hectocolylus. A few months following this mating process, the males die, and in some octopus species, females have the conditions to keep viable sperms within their bodies until their eggs reach maturity. After fertilization of the eggs, the female lays approximately 200,000 eggs, but such numbers vary depending on the kind of species, genera, families, and the individual octopus. While open octopuses mainly feed on fish, other cephalopods and prawns, the bottom dwellers, on the other hand, feed mainly on clams, whelks, polychaete worms and crabs. Using paralyzing saliva, octopuses inject their prey and break down their bodies using their beaks. As for shelled molluscs, an octopus feeds on them by drilling a hole thr ough their shells, inject their degrading saliva into the hole and extract the inner soft tissues (Campbell & Reece, 2005, p. 86). Octopuses can live in various parts of the ocean such as the ocean floor, pelagic waters and on coral reefs. These organisms have a keen eye sight (that can recognize light polarizations), a good sense of touch and statocysts that detect sound. Octopuses have no internal or external skeletons to enable them squeeze through tight spaces, are intelligent, fast and can mimic shapes of other creatures when hunting for food and are able to avoid predation due to their speed, ability to camouflage, presence of venom and expulsion of ink (Campbell & Reece, 2005, p. 90). An example of a bivalve is a scallop. Scallops belong to the kingdom animalia, phylum millusca, class bivalvia, order ostreoida, sub-orders pectinoida and pectinina, superfamily pectinoidea and family pectinidae. Scallops are bilaterally symmetrical with the scallop composed of two valves/ halves; the

E-Commerce in the 21st Century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

E-Commerce in the 21st Century - Essay Example However, E Commerce is no panacea. There are some thorny issues in the implementation of E Commerce; particularly, the technical standards and security issues. The report aims at analysing the benefits of E Commerce to business functions. The report looks at the current technological offerings available to businesses to implement E Commerce. Specific benefits brought about by E Commerce in various systems and sub systems of businesses are considered. The paper also analyses the loopholes of E Commerce solutions that may hamper the companies in the implementation. Finally the case study of COMPANY is considered to bolster the premises of the report. The availability of commodity priced IT systems, high speed and affordable communications infrastructure and ever increasing research and development in computer languages have swelled E Commerce. But what exactly is E Commerce The ubiquitous definition of E Commerce would be, "Buying and selling of goods on the Internet". However this definition is a little too coarse; too simple. The eCommerce Innovation Centre provides a more pragmatic view by defining E Commerce as every form of business or administrative transaction or exchange of information between a company and its outside world (eCIC, 2001). The first implementations of E Commerce applications can be traced back to the early 1970s, when a few companies began exchanging data among themselves through Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), a prevalent industry standard for inter enterprise communication. Since then there has been no looking back. Companies began deploying huge corporate networks with groups of systems perform cert ain business tasks. The major springboard to E Commerce was provided by the low cost entry of the Internet. Virtually every major company started transforming their businesses to global level through Internet (Gottardi et al, 2004). However today, just a decade after the revolution, E Commerce is plainly considered to be a synonym for high profits. It is an underlying business philosophy assumption of major companies and not some necessary technological breakthrough. Such a ubiquity of E Commerce was mainly due to its potential to lead to dramatic growth in trade and improved efficiency and effectiveness of business practises. As of today, E Commerce consists of several theoretical models, which provide a company with the tools to support the 5 essential elements of conducting business, namely price, promotion, presence, product and place. The important models are: Merchant Model: This model is typically used by traders, resellers, wholesaler and retailers of goods and services. It includes 24x7 ordering and one to one custom marketing (embellix, 2000). Auction Model: This model emulates the traditional 'bidding' model. It implements the bidding mechanisms by presenting goods and their value online. Manufacturer Model: It is used by the manufacturers directly to communicate to the consumers about their goods and services. Affiliate Model: In this model a company becomes an 'affiliate' of another company to advertise itself or its products and needs to pay certain amount for using it.

A Dream Within A Dream English Literature Essay

A Dream Within A Dream English Literature Essay A Dream Within A Dream by Edgar Allen Poe is a poem about the loss of love , the heartbreaking sadness that one faces and the ephemeral nature of time and fleeting of existence. The poem is well known due to Poes various poetic techniques that have been used to represent the excruciating context that Poe expresses in his poem. The main theme of the poem is the loss or lack of love that one faces. By taking a look at Poes use of concealed tone and structure, the various poetic techniques used and as well as the concealed literary devices; Poe expresses an excruciating context. One can easily notice that Poe wrote this Poem after he has lost someone of his love ; Poe writes the poem as a reflection to his misery on the horrible event therefore the poem holds his misery for the loss of love , burden and as well the hopelessness and lament towards life. Poe uses a very depressing tone in his poem to express his love for his loved one in the poem; Poe creates two stanzas that are disparate but however ultimately linked. Poe makes both the stanzas describe that life slips away from us like a long lost lover or also a fistful of golden sand creeping through fingers. Gradually life slips away like sand, or maybe even an hourglass. Poe is secretly trying to tell us by the two stanzas that life is precious but sometimes death can come like a wave from a surf tormented shore and take your loved one away. Poe makes the structure of the poem ordinary and typical to ending in only couplets or triplets however the theme of loss of love is often periodically rephrased in some way in each of the stanzas. Throughout the Poem, Poe also exclaims with sorrow and angers many rhetorical questions that are predominantly asked to only utter his importance and outburst rather than an answer. An example of his exclaimed rhetorical questions would be when in the last stanza Poe makes all the last lines expressed in questions rather than answers. In the First Stanza, Poe starts the Poem with a formal good bye to his loved one (line 1 and 2) Take this kiss upon the brow! And, in parting from you know these two lines express Poes affection and anguish as he loses his loved one. Poe also gives the reader the image of a kiss on a brow and a parting which indirectly means that he and his loved one are parting ways in the beginning. This event that Poe uses the image of could symbolize that it is the end of a relationship, time or even life. It is putative how Poes loved one claims that life is only a dream, now that Poe accedes that fact as his loved one has been extinct from his life, Poe therefore mentions Yet if hope has flown away à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. The less gone? (Line 6 and 9) put across Poes hopelessness when it comes to hope. Poe also repeated the word in two times in two lines (line 7 and 8) to accentuate how hope is fragile and can be destroyed abruptly at any moment that no one knows. Poe concludes the first stanza by men tioning that All what we see or seemà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. a dream within a dream . Here, Poe uses alliteration within the terms see and seem to delineate the reader the fact that nothing that one sees, feels or even notices is any more real than a dream. In the second Stanza, Poe uses a disparate environment to express the situation loss of love ; the excruciating context in the Poem. Poe introduces the reader to his lack of love or impotence in other words through the imagery of himself grasping grains of golden sand that creep. This image that Poe represents in his Poem is a significant idea in Poes Poem due to it being ultimately Poes central argument that Poe seems to keep on rephrasing on each of his stanzas In the poem. First, Poes image of golden sand falling delineates the readers of an hour glass which then symbolizes time passing by. The narrator, Poe grabs sand that trickles between his finger , which then reminds him of the meaninglessness of life, and that nothing is more real than a dream. The third piece of imagery that Poe introduces the reader to is the powerful image of the surf tormented shore and puts himself standing among the roars of waves. By placing himself among the tormented roars of waves, Poe creates a metaphor that is used to express Poes torments from the loss of his loved one, and how the waves and roars are powering him and at the same time drowning in his own misery. The poem continues and is basically all about the narrators struggles and pain that he feels for his loved one. All of these metaphors have meanings close to the ephemeral nature of time, which leads Poe to the conclusion that life almost seems to have no meaning and no purpose with the lack of love , as life passes by so fast. The sand and the surf tormented shore or waves are an example that Poe uses to symbolize slow and gradual decay of life and love. The waves keep hitting the shore, until slowly the shore gets depleted by the everlasting waves. All of these symbols lead back to these images which also ultimately lead back to Poes theme of Is it therefore the less gone? and the lack of love that one faces. While I weep- while I weep! (Line 7). Here, Poe gives the reader the notice that how his weep as hi s misery overwhelms his defenses, as he pains for the loss of his love. As Poe explains his misery, weep and pain he implores God for help. Poe emphasizes his pain as Poe wants to save one that has already passed away by placing a metaphor of saving one from the pitiless wave , Poe continuously uses the phrase O God to express his feelings and emotions towards his loved one. Then to conclude, and finish with the theme Poe uses two questions at the end of his poem Is it all we seeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. A dream within a dream, to rephrase once again that everything was a dream and that of the ephemeral nature of time no one can surmount life and that everything will be simply just a dream. In Conclusion, A Dream Within A Dream by Edgar Allen Poe, is a poem that has use of many poetic techniques and ways to express such an excruciating idea where loss, love, anger and the ephemeral nature of time all take place is overall very effective as Poe manages to do so in such a short poem with only two stanzas. The poem displays some very important aspects of life such as death, the ephemeral nature of time and hope in some cases as well within the theme of loss of love and just one who loses their love. Despite this poem, A Dream Within A Dream will still be remembered by myself on how Poes perception that everything around us now is just a dream and nothings as real as we know it.

What´s Rituximab Therapy? Essay -- Alternate Treatment, Biology, Antib

A relatively newer biologic, rituximab provides an alternative strategy for treating the presenting patient. A genetically engineered chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, rituximab exerts it therapeutic action by selectively targeting CD-20 positive B-cells1212, 18. As CD-20 is expressed exclusively on pre-B and mature B lymphocytes; stem cells and plasma cells are not implicated in rituximab therapy. The over expression of B-cells expressing the CD-20 surface antigen in the synovium of RA-affected joints has been well established18. The potential mechanisms by which these B-cells contribute to the immunopathogenesis of RA are as follows: they can act as antigen presenting cells, secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines (including tumour necrosis factor-alpha), and generate rheumatoid factor (RF) and other auto-antibodies whilst also activating T cells12. Hence, the rituximab mediated depletion of B-cells is thought to prevent these potential mechanisms from occurring thus controlling the progression of the disease18. Rituximab therapy consists of two 1000mg infusions, given two weeks apart at intervals of no less than 2 weeks. The projected cost of a single course of rituximab therapy is around  £349211 and if clinically efficient would offer the patient a more convenient dosing schedule compared to Anti-TNF therapy. The annual cost does however depend on how often the patient is required to undergo a course of rituximab therapy11. An RCT aimed at investigating different rituximab dosing regimens in methotrexate resistant patients referred to as the DANCER trial, provides significant evidence conveying the potential benefit of rituximab therapy19. As part of the trial, patients received rituximab 500MG, rituximab 1000mg or placeb... ...50 (7): 754--766. 27. Kaneko A. Tocilizumab in rheumatoid arthritis: efficacy, safety and its place in therapy.Therapeutic advances in chronic disease. 2013; 4 (1): 15--21. 28. An M, Zou Z, Shen H, Zhang J, Cao Y, Jiang Y. The addition of tocilizumab to DMARD therapy for rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2010; 66 (1): 49--59. 29. Schmitt C, Kuhn B, Zhang X, Kivitz A, Grange S. Disease--drug--drug interaction involving tocilizumab and simvastatin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2011; 89 (5): 735--740. 30. Ding T, Ledingham J, Luqmani R, Westlake S, Hyrich K, Lunt M, Kiely P, Bukhari M, Abernethy R, Bosworth A, Others. BSR and BHPR rheumatoid arthritis guidelines on safety of anti-TNF therapies.Rheumatology. 2010; 49 (11): 2217--2219.